Fra Mauro's world map
Introduction
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Introduction
Historical Context
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Venice in the Era of Fra Mauro
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Commerce
The Trade Routes
The Galleys
Sailing Ships
The Sea and Trade
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The Turkish Blockade of the Mediterranean
The Circumnavigation of Africa
Portuguese Expansion in Africa and into the Indian Ocean
Fra Mauro
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The Monastery of San Michele
Fra Mauro, Cosmographer
The Vatican Library Marine Chart
The Map at the Monastery of San Michele di Leme
The World Map
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The World Map
South-Up Orientation
Geographical Structure
The Cosmographic Project
The World Before European Expansion
From the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean
Navigation in the Indian Ocean: Arab Ships and Chinese Junks
The Silk Road
The Maritime Silk Road
Celebration and Fear of the Sea
Interactive Exploration
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Explore
Cosmographic Space
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The Celestial World
The Sublunar World
The Elements
The Garden of Eden
Cartouches
Geographic Space
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Cartouches
Wind Rose
Kingdoms
Provinces
Cities
Mountains
Rivers and lakes
Bridges and Roads
Temples and Funerary Monuments
Oceans, Seas, Gulfs
Islands
Headlands
Ships and Shipwrecks
The Parts of the World
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The Ancient World
‘Rossia’
Africa
Ethyopia
Taprobana
Capo Diab
Cathai and Mangi
Giava
Cipango
The Indian Ocean
The Places of Marco Polo
Legendary Places
The Lost Treatise on Cosmography
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Reconstructing the Lost Treatise
Dedication
Preface
Cosmographic Space
Geographic Space
Cosmography and sources
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Cosmographic Sources
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Problems in Natural Philosophy
Scholastic Philosophers and Fathers of the Church
Ptolemy
Missionaries and Ambassadors
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The Mendicant Orders
Giovanni da Pian del Carpine
William of Rubruck
Giovanni da Montecorvino
Giovanni de’ Marignolli
Odorico da Pordenone
The Itinerarium of Odorico da Pordenone
From a Mongol Perspective: Rabban Bar Sauma
Merchants and Travelers
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Marco Polo
First Voyage: Niccolò and Matteo Polo
Second Voyage: Niccolò, Matteo and Marco Polo
Second Voyage: The Return of the Polos
Francesco di Balduccio Pegolotti
Ruy González de Clavijo
Pietro Querini
Niccolò di Giovanni Conti
The Itinerary of Niccolò de’ Conti
Other Sources
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Cartographic Sources
Andrea Bianco
Oral Sources
Islamic Sources
The Korean Map Honil Kangnido
Reception
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The Copy of the Map for the King of Portugal
Lorenzo de’ Medici’s Copy of the World Map
Marco Polo’s World Map
The (Mis)Fortune of Fra Mauro
The Diffusion of Fra Mauro’s Knowledge
The Rediscovery of Fra Mauro
The First Photographic Editions
Photographic reproductions
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1806 – Placido Zurla
1854 – Segundo Visconde de Santarém
1873 - Carlo Naya
1942 - Fratelli Alinari - eng
Mappae Mundi
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762-777 – Pseudo-Isidore of Seville
1086 – Beatus de Liébana
1100-1125 – Beatus de Liébana
1210-1220 – Beatus de Liébana
1230 ca. – Ebstorf Map
1250-1280 - Vercelli Mappa mundi
1375 ca. – Atlas catalan
1442 – Giovanni Leardo
1448 – Giovanni Leardo
1452 – Giovanni Leardo
1450 ca. – Borgia map
1436 – Andrea Bianco
1448 – Andreas Walsperger
1457 – “Genoese” Mappa mundi
1460 ca. – The Catalan Planisphere
1465-1500 – [Benedetto Cotrugli]
1460 – [Benedetto Cotrugli]
1470 ca. – [Benedetto Cotrugli]
1300 ca. – Hereford Mappa mundi
Designing the World
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Ptolemy’s Projections
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The Ancient World
Ptolemy’s Geography
Cartographic Projection
Ptolemy’s First Projection
Ptolemy’s Second Projection
Ptolemy’s Third Projection
Ptolemy in Venice
The Size of the World
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Ptolemy’s World
Fra Mauro’s World
The Size of the Inhabited World
A Cartographic Model at its Limits
The World Map
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The concept
Drawing method
Land and Sea
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Fra Mauro’s Marine Chart
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The Marine Chart
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Cartouches
Rivers and Lakes
Roads
Wind Rose
Marine Charts
Navigation and Celestial Observation
Measuring Time
Astronomical Instruments for Navigation
The Ships
Dead reckoning
Astronomical Navigation
The Ship’s Position
Latitude
Longitude
Magnetic declination
Magnetic Compass
The Wind Rose
Techniques of Navigation
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The “Rule of Marteloio”
The “Tablet of Marteloio”
The “Circle and Square”
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Interactive Exploration
The Parts of the World